The lost portions of the tooth structure have to be restored completely so that function may be maintained and appearance is also not compromised. During cavity preparation all the decayed portions and debris are removed. The cavity is made sterile by proper disinfection and filled with a material that mimics the tooth completely.
Many types of materials are available that can be filled in the cavity. Earlier silver amalgam was popular cavity filling material. The silver alloy was mixed with mercury to form a hard mass that was compacted in to the cavity and then further shaping of the filling was done to restore for. The material had the advantage of adequate strength but totally lacked aesthetic features and the filled tooth looked very dark in colour. Also excessive tooth cutting is required to fix the filling in the tooth. Extra retentive characters like pins, slots and seats need to be prepared to retain the silver fillings in the tooth.
When tooth is cut precious tooth structure is lost while cavity preparation. The loss of natural tooth portion is highly detrimental. It compromises tooth strength and increases chances of fracture.
Adhesive fillings require minimal tooth preparation and interlock into the tooth structure completely. A strong bond is developed at the tooth and filling junction so that it remains in to the cavity. The adhesive materials are composite that have resins alongwith fillers to impart strength.
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